Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Case Study
Project Overview
In response to concerns about elevated lead levels in drinking water, Pittsburgh Water has implemented a comprehensive Community Lead Response program. This initiative focuses on the systematic replacement of lead service lines (LSLs) and the distribution of water filters to affected residents, aiming to ensure safe drinking water for all Pittsburgh Water customers.
Background
Lead exposure poses significant health risks, particularly to children and pregnant women. In Pittsburgh, many homes built before 1970 are connected to water mains via lead-containing service lines. Concerns over lead levels in drinking water intensified in 2016 when routine water testing revealed lead levels above the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) action level of 15 parts per billion (ppb). Recognizing the urgency of the issue, Pittsburgh Water launched a large-scale Lead Service Line Replacement (LSLR) program, prioritizing the most at-risk communities. Those risk factors include those with lower income, high concentrations of children under six and women of childbearing age, and historic records of lead lines. By integrating pitcher filter distribution into the program, Pittsburgh has ensured that residents have immediate access to safe drinking water while lead service lines are being replaced. This approach aligns with EPA’s Lead and Copper Rule Improvements (LCRI), which require utilities to take proactive steps to minimize lead exposure.
Through a combination of infrastructure upgrades, public engagement, and temporary protective measures like pitcher filters, Pittsburgh is making significant strides toward a lead-free water system.
Program Implementation
Pittsburgh Water’s Community Lead Response program encompasses several key components:
- Lead Service Line Replacement: Initiated in 2016, Pittsburgh Water has undertaken an aggressive plan to replace all lead lines in the water distribution system. As of June 2025, over 13,000 public and more than 9,600 private lead service lines have been replaced, with a goal to eliminate all residential lead service lines by 2027.
- Filter Distribution: To provide immediate protection against lead exposure, Pittsburgh Water distributes NSF-certified water filter pitchers and replacement cartridges to residents affected by LSL disturbance and replacements. Residential water customers can request a free kit through a simple web form, by phone, or by email. These filters are provided at no cost and are certified to remove lead from drinking water.
- Community Engagement and Education: Pittsburgh Water maintains an interactive online map allowing residents to verify the material of their service lines. Additionally, the authority conducts public meetings, distributes educational materials, and offers free water testing kits to ensure residents are informed and engaged in lead mitigation efforts.
Funding
The Community Lead Response program is financed through a combination of public funds and strategic financial planning by Pittsburgh Water. The authority has invested nearly $300 million into its lead service line replacement program since its inception. This investment underscores Pittsburgh Water’s commitment to enhancing water quality and public health without imposing additional financial burdens on residents.
Pittsburgh by the Numbers
- Population Served: Pittsburgh Water serves over 500,000 residents in Pittsburgh and surrounding areas.
- Lead Service Lines Identified: Approximately 17,000 lead service lines were initially identified within the city’s water distribution system.
- Lead Service Lines Replaced: As of June 2025, more than 13,000 public and over 9,600 private lead service lines have been replaced.
Best Practices Implemented
Comprehensive Service Line Replacement:
Pittsburgh Water prioritizes full lead service line replacements, addressing both public and private sections at the same time to effectively reduce lead exposure
Proactive Filter Distribution:
Providing NSF-certified water filters to residents ensures immediate protection against potential lead contamination during the period before and after service line replacement. These filters are provided once a lead service line is disturbed during the identification process, and maintained for 6-months after the replacement.
Community Engagement and Education:
Pittsburgh Water maintains an interactive online map allowing residents to verify the material of their service lines. Additionally, the authority conducts public meetings, distributes educational materials, and offers free water testing kits to ensure residents are informed and engaged in lead mitigation efforts.
Conclusion
Pittsburgh Water’s Community LeadResponse program exemplifies a proactive and comprehensive approach to addressing lead contamination in drinking water. Through systematic lead service line replacements, free distribution of certified water filters, and robust community engagement, Pittsburgh Water is making significant strides in ensuring safe drinking water for all residents. This initiative serves as a valuable model for other communities aiming to implement effective lead mitigation strategies.
Recommendations for Other Communities
Develop a Comprehensive Replacement Plan:
Prioritize the identification and full replacement of lead service lines, addressing both public and private sections to effectively reduce lead exposure.
Provide Immediate Protective Measures:
Distribute certified water filters to residents in affected areas to offer immediate protection against lead contamination during the replacement process.
Engage and Educate the Community:
Maintain transparent communication through public meetings, educational materials, and accessible online tools to keep residents informed and involved in lead mitigation efforts.